Globalisation in Terms of Social and Economic Trends Free Essays

Globalization is certifiably not a solitary marvel. It has become a catch-all idea to depict a scope of patterns and powers changing the social and monetary structures of the world. Globalization might be characterized as ‘becoming or making world-wide†, however it has likewise been alluded to as Westernization. We will compose a custom article test on Globalization in Terms of Social and Economic Trends or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Globalization as contended by Professor Ruud Lubbers, previous Prime Minister of the Netherlands, is considered to have various particular components to it, which incorporate Economic, Technological, Political, Cultural and Environmental. Monetarily, more prominent world reconciliation or globalization has been significantly empowered since the Second World War, with the presentation of facilitated commerce understandings, for example, GATT (General Agreement on Tariff†s and Trade). Moreover, territorial exchange understandings have additionally been created, which have included ‘single markets† built up by the European Community and NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement). Innovatively, the IT upheaval has given an enormous upgrades in our capacity to store and control information utilizing always amazing PCs. Progressively significant be that as it may, is the correspondence capacities of these PCs. The Communications Revolution has come about in the ‘shrinking† of the world. Strategically, it was not until the breakdown of the previous Soviet Block in the late 1980†³s and the general acknowledgment of the free market (deregulation) and vote based system, combined with the rise of the ‘Tiger† economies of the Pacific Rim, that the term globalization has taken on obvious importance. Socially, there has been a spreading of Westernization, or maybe more precisely Americanisation through the media of movies, TV and music. Following the Second World War, the USA dreading the ascent of socialism, effectively empowered and financed the overall conveyance of movies viably publicizing (if just subconsciously) the advantages of private enterprise and the American Dream. As an outcome to the weakening of societies, France for instance has since acquainted enactment requiring radio broadcasts with play at least 40% of music starting from or sung in French. Natural issues are progressively turning out to be worldwide issues. In this manner, nations are not, at this point ready to take a gander at natural issues in disconnection. This has been drastically delineated for instance by the atomic calamity at Chernobyl, the exhaustion of the ozone layer and corrosive downpour over Scandinavia. Nations presently need to act all in all (according to the Rio Conference) for there to be any opportunity of turning around or simply easing back the harm being caused to nature. Globalization of the economy has not been founded absolutely on unhindered commerce yet in addition on the free development of capital. This has advanced direct remote speculations from one nation into another (for example huge Japanese speculation into the EU, particularly the UK) which has impacted the globalization of the national economies. As a monetary marvel, globalization has brought about a move away from a universe of unmistakable national economies to a worldwide economy in which creation is appropriated universally and money can stream uninhibitedly and in a flash between nations. Worldwide organizations have tremendous monetary forces, while institutional speculators and money related masters, for example, George Soros are fit for impacting the cash rates, financial approaches, and loan fees of individual country states (for example September 1992, the UK had to leave the European Exchange Rate Mechanism). The system of rules inside which financial movement happens is progressively characterized inside the global structure of associations, for example, the WTO (World Trade Organization), the IMF (International Monetary Fund), the World Bank, the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-activity and Development) and G7-8 highest points, along with the territorial exchanging squares, for example, the European Union and NAFTA. Globalization is seemingly both a reason and a result of the data unrest. It is driven by sensational upgrades in media communications, exponential increments in processing power combined with lower costs, and the improvement of electronic correspondences and data systems, for example, the Internet. These correspondences advancements are assisting with defeating the hindrances of physical separation. Networks of different sorts, including NGOs (Non-Government Organizations) which incorporate worldwide intrigue bunches like Amnesty International or Greenpeace, just as business and work associations, presently work across national outskirts. Greenpeace is a prime model: the Shell Brent Spar case delineated the capacity of such globally composed intrigue gatherings to effectively apply business and political weight in different nations at the same time. Thus, social arrangements influencing singular residents are getting increasingly delicate to worldwide impacts, particularly when featured by the worldwide news media. While globalization is moving various choices to the universal field, political and protected changes in numerous nations include endeavors to decentralize dynamic from focal government to all the more provincially self-ruling specialists to provide food for a feeling of ‘local† character (for example new Labor polices on devolution for Scotland and Wales). These patterns seem conflicting, yet practically speaking they are causing the improvement of new staggered strategy frameworks. Thus, fringes are getting progressively hard for governments to characterize and keep up. In this way, national governments are being compelled to rethink their jobs, obligations and strategy connections. Similarly, worldwide organizations will find that they won't just need to manage worldwide patterns yet additionally the neighborhood laws and customs of their proposed markets and assembling focuses. Globalization has raised feelings of dread that the power of country states is being subverted. On the off chance that power can be characterized as the capacity to practice control without outside obstruction, at that point country states are plainly encountering decreasing sway. Governments must perceive and deal with the suspicion that most issues they are required to manage are influenced by or will influence somewhat the global intensity of the nation. Governments’ own reactions to globalization or the quest for joint answers for worldwide issues have further impacts upon power. Investment in worldwide associations or the selection of universal understandings sets caps for strategy choices accessible to governments. This may even expect alterations to long-standing household approaches and practices. Association is narrowing the level of local arrangement autonomy. One-sided activity may not be the best method to accomplish strategy objectives. For instance, the abuse of assets, for example, fisheries would unavoidably bring about the extreme consumption, if not pulverization, of basic stocks (European Common Fisheries Policy) . Numerous other significant arrangement objectives can't be met by governments acting alone. In battling ecological issues and universal wrongdoing and so on, the interests of individual countries, subsequently, may just be secured by aggregate activity. The opposition for worldwide venture empowered by the exercises and portability of global undertakings implies that most conventional household strategies, for example, instruction and preparing, tax assessment, social security, financial guideline and work enactment have gotten universal. Indeed, even a nation’s household the executives strategy involves incredible worry to its exchanging rivals, since this will eventually influence a country†s productivity and therefore its seriousness. Government approaches should progressively be made increasingly steady with or serious against those of their principle exchanging rivals. This was featured by Britain†s choice to quit the Social Chapter of the Maastricht Treaty. Money related and monetary approach choices can never again be assumed the premise of solely local contemplations. At present in excess of multiple times the measure of account expected to help the current volume of world exchange, is exchanged day by day on the world cash markets. This implies 90 percent of that movement could be viewed as unadulterated cash hypothesis. This is far in abundance of what national banks can plan to impact through their own mediations, particularly without any joint activity. As of late, the Labor Party in the UK, after four progressive political decision routs has bit by bit moved its financial approach comprehensively in accordance with that of the current Government. This might be viewed as an endeavor to pick up validity with the UK electorate yet maybe above all, to pick up believability with the International Money Markets which will have the chance of casting a ballot with their assets! The improvement of correspondences this century from cruising boat to satellite has contributed straightforwardly to the globalization of the world†s economies and political frameworks. Mechanical globalization of Information Technology has moved across social and physical obstructions, successfully dispensing with the limit of nations (anyway draconian) to segregate themselves from the world outside. In spite of this, Iran has as of late prohibited the utilization of satellite TV, yet control will be troublesome, if certainly feasible, to accomplish on the grounds that the data unrest which has additionally given email and the Internet has democratized data. It might appear to be silly for the need to acquire a visa to truly visit somebody to whom you can converse with electronically every day. The outcome is that free discourse and common freedoms are getting progressively universal. Outskirts will no longer air conditioning

Prejudice In Canada Essays - Discrimination, Abuse,

Bias In Canada The subject of my position paper should be a great many people in Canada are not partial towards minority gatherings yet I discover it basically difficult to contend this in light of the fact that ordinary I witness different events of preferential conduct. My reading material expressed that most preference is found in individuals who have little instruction or originated from lower-pay families, however this announcement doesn't appear to be valid. The papers I read, and things individuals around me state and do show that bias is near and likely consistently will be. The individuals who have been regarded preferential in light of the fact that they are from lower-pay families or have little training have been raised to battle for themselves. Hence, they may consider workers a danger, and accept they remove occupations and cash from whites. Additionally, because of their absence of training they may not know that numerous migrants start organizations of their own and utilize numerous whites in this way making more occupations. Sadly, it isn't simply individuals in this gathering are preferential. The paper is a key bit of media that is frequently preferential, you simply need to figure out the real story to understand this bias. Just yesterday I was flipping through the Toronto Star and a specific feature grabbed my attention - Parents of killed youngster express their Jewish outrage and I pondered internally, their Jewish resentment? I didn't know that Jewish individuals had an alternate kind of outrage than some other ethnic gathering. Bias is likewise surrounding me consistently. I hear words like paki, chink, wop, Jew knave and nigger hourly when around companions and cohorts. These racial slurs are tossed around without an idea of the genuine significance of them. Tragically guardians don't appear to have brought up their kids to intuitively realize that utilizing these slurs is totally improper and wrong. The most significant job a parent can play in their kids' life is that of a good example, however numerous guardians, rich and poor, talk or carry on with preference consistently. Most kids grow up to have a large number of indistinguishable ethics and convictions from their folks, along these lines this chain of partiality will probably never end. I wish I could state that the vast majority in Canada are not biased towards minority gatherings yet I dread this equitable I Human science

Pocahontas free essay sample

My mom used to call me Pocahontas when I was more youthful. It was a suitable and charming title, I figure; I would watch the Disney adjustment energetically, continually finding new importance in each scene, continually wishing that I could be daring and smart, much the same as this verifiable cartoon. The tale of this free-energetic Powhatan princess and profligate never stopped to astonish me as a five-year old. As of late for some explanation, the since quite a while ago overlooked epithet developed once more, and I had a fabulous time of sentimentality for those occasions when I used to live in a universe of pretend. As a youngster, I was interested about all that I saw; the terrace was a different universe that must be investigated. I scanned for wonder in the most quotidian things; I asked why the grass woke up each morning in a brilliant cover of dew, and why I couldn’t be shimmering at 6 A.M. This interest transformed into a hunger for information that could be exting uished at school. I despite everything consider training a mission for illumination, which is the reason I have chosen to apply to this college. I accept that this establishment can be my directing compass on this excursion that I should take, as an understudy, yet as an individual going into adulthood. Being that I am going to begin that odyssey from youth to that next piece of my life, I was amazed that my mom had so apathetically considered me that Algonquian epithet that I heard much of the time as a wide-peered toward young lady. At the point when I asked her for what valid reason she recalled that it, she just grinned and disclosed to me that all through my procedure of applying to school, she had recognized the sparkle of interest easily once more; a similar one I had at five years of age when I saw Pocahontas just because and like her, I had a first experience with a various society. As a youngster worker, I saw my family’s unexpected movement to this new world as an experience. I don’t think I understood that my family deserted everything to make sure about a superior future for me, something they could just dream of in my local land, Colombia. My naivete blinded me from the monetary and passionate hardship that they experienced as a�aliens’ those initial scarcely any years. In any case, as I developed more seasoned, I figured out how to value all that they did. I understood that all that they did was to lift me up so I could get a handle on that tricky thing, the American dream. My parent’s little every day assignments resembled dewdrops on the most slender piece of turf; I figured out how to discover wonder in my parent’s day by day and outstanding continuance. I regarded this determination and boldness and each time I heard my mom call me Pocahontas, I felt as though there may be a portion of those characteristics in me as well. The sound of the moniker would quickly cause me to feel increasingly significant, by one way or another like I had a spot on the planet, even as a little youngster. I felt that possibly one day I would develop into somebody like her, somebody who might have any kind of effect. Maybe I would be associated with accomplishing something so striking that would at the same time make elderly people men who kicked the bucket for custom turn over in their graves and sow the seeds of progress. Maybe I could help individuals in need speak more loudly that are so frequently unheard, overpowered by the stunning quiet of numbness and despise. Obviously these are grandiose objectives for a kindergartener, yet by and large I accept that in fact a children’s energized film gave me my first exercises of the significance of assorted variety and the ability of making change on the planet. I am by and large straightforward when I state that I despite everything feel like that candid five-year old at times, particularly now as I am going to send off a bit of myself to choose m y future. Yet, the way that I had by and by accepted my energetic pen name took me back to the past. Thinking back seventeen years of life, I understand that Pocahontas, not the energized character or the one out of a minuscule vignette in a history course reading, yet her soul, has consistently been with me. That soul is with me now, as I am going to investigate an amazing remainder, beginning with this one stage towards edification.

Racial discrimination in the United States Essay

Racial separation in the United States - Essay Example Redlining is progressively normal in separation and it has been rehearsed over extensive stretch of time from verifiable viewpoint and in the advanced world, it has been drilled on different grounds, for example, business and chance to different people and gatherings in the general public (Leonard, 2007).Affirmative activities are the arrangements that embrace race, ethnicity and sexual orientation into thought in the undertaking of guaranteeing equivalent open door is advanced in a general public. It is principally worried about such perspectives as training, work and furthermore such open contracting as the wellbeing programs. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society can be in two classifications whereby one classification tends to uniformity and dispose of any type of separation that is worried about such issues institutional, clear and automatic while the other class is centered around boosting cultural advantages and decent variety on all levels in the general public (Ward, 2006).In the United States, there is gross segregation on racial grounds and the most victimized are the Non-White occupants in the nation. There have been discusses that a governmental policy regarding minorities in society would be extremely instrumental in dispensing with separation dependent on institutional, work, instructive and business opportunity in the nation. Postulation Statement In the advanced world, individuals are still victimized in such angles as livelihoods, instruction, institutional and business openings. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society is a significant venture to counter this segregation. This is on the grounds that the strategy give very much qualified individuals equivalent chances to others and in a nation like the United States of America where there is gross separation dependent on race, this arrangement will give a solid establishment for development with respect to racial segregation in the United States. Racial Discrimination in the United States Since the pioneer time in the United States one of the most predominant issues in the nation is bigotry. The whites who are viewed as the pioneer society are the ruling race in the nation and this implies different races which incorporate the Blacks, Native Americans, Asian Americans, Latin Americans, Irish Americans and others are profoundly victimized. This separation is reached out to such fields as work, instruction, institutional and business opportunity in the nation. The whites have appreciated dominancy in these fields while different races have been left in the outskirts of the framework. In spite of the fact that there was a few enhancements in the twentieth century when the administration established laws which disallowed substances against racialism, race personalities are as yet held exceptionally in the nation and by noticeable individuals from the general public who control different instruments in the nation (Hurst, 2000). Instructive segregation There is across the board training segregation in the Untied States with the most elevated quantities of graduates from secondary school, school and college originating from the Whites. This shows the instructive open doors in the nation are supported towards the Whites while different races are victimized. This is likewise assisted in that whenever the Whites improve instruction openings they additionally show signs of improvement openings in life particularly in this period of training openings. This implies the Whites have better chances to build up their lives while different races are left to battle with life (Williams, 1999). The table beneath shows the level of White

Literature review discussing the advantages and disadvantages of Essay

Writing audit talking about the points of interest and detriments of having kids breast fed in both blended A&Es and seperate childrens A&Es - Essay Example Aharonson et al (1996) gave data on examples of administrations, appearance and elements impacting lining in A&E offices and recommended that there are potential advantages for the board and applying activities inquire about strategies in clinical conditions. A&E offices are in extensive interest and legitimate use of these administrations can prompt improvement in the quality and expeditiousness of clinical administrations advertised. Anyway in opposition to Chow’s contentions, a few clinic crisis divisions might be legitimately identified with essential consideration in giving quick access and a crisis care system could be built up in essential consideration also. Coordinating the qualities and shortcomings of crisis care with target information model could help in portraying different degrees of activity and in featuring process proficiency and clinical viability. The emotionally supportive networks inside NHS Direct have demonstrated how individuals get things done inside A&E divisions particularly and how intentional and insightful consideration could be given by improving system tasks. Mishap and crisis divisions and systems administration can help measure and control successful systems administration and advance collaborations. The ongoing key strategy move towards an essential consideration drove National Health Service in the UK (Department of Health, 1994) has prompted restored enthusiasm for reclassifying the limits among essential and optional consideration with the point of moving chosen benefits customarily gave in the intense emergency clinic to less asset serious essential and network based other options. This orderly writing audit takes a gander at the potential for compelling help arrangement for youthful An and E patients at blended An and Es in UK. The UK has encountered a quick increment all in all specialist out of hour’s co-agents throughout the most recent 5 years. All the more by and large, an administration survey of crisis pre-emergency clinic care in England and Wales as of late brought about a progression of pilot plans to test mediations

Lack of Diversity in Prison Staff Research Paper

Absence of Diversity in Prison Staff - Research Paper Example Because of their examination, Nicholas and Mary (1993) had the option to discover a considerable amount of similarities and contrasts in the view of work in jail among the staff individuals which were impacted by their sex. So as to improve workers’ inspiration for work, it is basic that their sexual orientation based necessities are mulled over and the strategies are structured in like manner. Ladies get assorted variety work power regarding sex. Advantages got from this variety in the adjustments calling must be boosted by paying regard to the impression of ladies alongside men. There are a few deterrents in the method of giving imprisoned understudies instruction that is successful just as steady with their individualistic needs. The earth inside jail is an aftereffect of the exacting prerequisites of security. Detainees are bolted up, and are checked unsurpassed. They are tallied and are painstakingly administered. These characteristics of the way of life predominant in co rrectional facilities force a great deal of troubles in the method of learning for detained understudies. Such a large number of limitations don't leave any steady component in the earth in a prison for considers. The jail staff puts substantially more weight on rebuffing the detained youngsters than urging them to improve their propensities. This conduct of the jail staff assumes a major job in minimizing instruction in prison. This is the principal motivation behind why training and learning is seen by many detained understudies as something past as far as possible. The majority of the training gave to detained understudies is of the most essential level. In a lion's share of cases, these understudies are furnished with next to zero advanced education by any stretch of the imagination. Instruction and learning, when all is said in done, is comprehended by both the staff working in a jail and the detained parcel as a â€Å"elite† task (Watts, 2010). In his exploration, Watts (2010) made an endeavor to investigate the obstacles generally experienced by understudies in the method of increasing advanced education when they are detained in an ordinary prison setting. The examination was especially centered around contemplating the different down to earth and association explicit constraints experienced by the teachers while they will in general give the detained understudies instruction in a totally non-ordinary and perilously ridiculous learning condition. Watts (2010) especially found that coordinated encouraging strategy significantly improves a student’s ability to learn in the kind of condition that is expectedly developed in prisons. With the adjustments in the socioeconomics in United States, the projects offered in prisons which are aimed at the recovery of the detained individuals have been vigorously influenced. As indicated by the data recorded by the US Census, the number of inhabitants in minority in correctional facilities would change into a dominant part till 2010 (Marshal, 2001). Female detainees in jail that used to be a minority in the past are promptly expanding on a yearly premise because of the impression of United States in the detained populace. Just throughout multi decade finishing 2001, the number of inhabitants in

Adult Illiteracy :: Adult Illiteracy Essays

Figuring out how to peruse resembles figuring out how to drive a vehicle. You take exercises and become familiar with the mechanics and the standards of the street. Following half a month you have figured out how to drive, how to stop, how to change gears, how to stop, and how to flag. You have likewise figured out how to stop at a red light and comprehend street signs. At the point when you are prepared, you take a street test, and in the event that you pass, you can drive. Phonics-first works a similar way. The youngster learns the mechanics of perusing, and when he's through, he can peruse. Look and state works in an unexpected way. The youngster is instructed to peruse before he has taken in the mechanics †the hints of the letters. It resembles figuring out how to drive by beginning your vehicle and driving ahead. . .What's more, the mechanics of driving? You would pick those up as you come. â€Rudolf Flesch, Why Johnny Still Can't Read, 1981 Lack of education in America is as yet developing at a disturbing rate and that reality has not changed much since Rudolf Flesch composed his top rated uncover of understanding guidance in 1955. Absence of education keeps on being a basic issue, requesting tremendous assets from nearby, state, and government charges, while contentions about how to instruct kids to peruse keep on seething inside the training research network, on Capitol Hill, in business, and in the study hall. The International Reading Association assesses that more than one thousand research papers are arranged every year regarding the matter of proficiency, and that is very likely a low figure. For as long as 50 years, America's study halls have been utilized by therapists, sociologists, educationists, and government officials as a goliath research center for problematic, untried speculations of picking up, bringing about a close to fall of government funded instruction. It is time we start to move away from what's happening and push toward what works. The dismal measurements As per the National Adult Literacy Survey, 42 million grown-up Americans can't peruse; 50 million can perceive not many printed words they are constrained to a fourth or fifth grade understanding level; one out of each four young people drops out of secondary school, and of the individuals who graduate, one out of each four has the proportionate or less of an eighth grade training. As indicated by current gauges, the quantity of practically unskilled grown-ups is expanding by around two and one quarter million people every year. This number incorporates about 1 million youngsters who drop out of school before graduation, 400,000 legitimate migrants, 100,000 exiles, and 800,000 illicit

U.N. Secretary-General Visits SIPA Students in Malawi COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

U.N. Secretary-General Visits SIPA Students in Malawi COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog One of the hallmarks of a SIPA education is 30 full weeks of professional development while studying in our program.   Although employers value academic learning, the immediate challenges they face require people of action.   Our professional development opportunities teach you how to mix what you are learning in the classroom into the real world of complex policy development. Practical training takes place through a 15 week internship and a 15 week workshop.   Both projects are completed with real world policy agencies and give you the opportunity to showcase your abilities and experience in a job interview.   Internships and workshops can also be completed anywhere in the world because we do not offer summer classes.   The summer is an ideal time to travel anywhere in the world to complete one the required professional experiences. One set of policy goals our students have been involved with are the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).   The Secretary General of the United Nations recently visited one of the projects SIPA students have been working on under the guidance of Professor Jeff Sachs.   An excerpt of the article is below, the full article can be found on the Columbia News site.     And for details on other workshops our students have been involved in, please see our workshop page. On May 30, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon visited Mwandama, a rural village located in southern Malawi once marked by rampant and extreme poverty. Since 2006, however, the village of approximately 35,000 people has been moving closer to achieving sustainable development, thank to its involvement in the Millennium Villages,  led by Columbia’s Earth Institute, along with the United Nations Development Programme and the nonprofit Millennium Promise. The initiative strives to  help poor communities end hunger, achieve education, have access to health care and meet other vital needs using best practices in science, research and technology. Working closely with local and national governments, businesses and other partners, Columbia researchers and students from across the University are applying their expertise in public health, energy, water, agriculture, engineering and other areas to help communities meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)â€"eight objectives for meeting basic human needs and achieving sustainable growth. Approximately 500,000 people now live in 80 Millennium Villages, all of which are located in “hunger hotspots,” areas of low agricultural productivity and extreme hunger. The hotspots comprise several different agro-ecological zones distributed across 10 sub-Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania and Uganda.

Poetry Writing Contests Make Money from Poetry

â€Å"More people write poetry than read it.† George Carlin â€Å"There ain’t no money it.† It’s been a clichà © repeated so often to hear how poetry doesn’t make any money. Let me be the first to burst that bubble. There are plenty of opportunities for those with a penchant for poems to monetize their work. How do you do it? If you’re an astute reader, you’ve probably read the damn title to this article by this point in time, so let’s cut the BS: poetry writing contests. Poetry is often a personal endeavor but if you want to make some skrilla, it’s time to test your haikus against the masses. We’ve mentioned making money by entering your writing into contests before but this time, we’ll look specifically at all of the opportunities and tips for putting your poetry to the test. Let’s begin! Where to Find Poetry Writing Contests? The internet makes it easy to find poetry writing contests, but the best online resource I’ve found is the aptly-titled Poets Writers website. Besides offering a wealth of information on just about every writing topic available, they also have an online submission calendar. Instead of jockeying between every website that comes up on your search engine, their online submission calendar makes your job easy—they even provide concise details relating to every contest. Another great resource is a current version of Writer’s Market. In this ever-useful tome, there’s plenty of contests, from the Concrete Wolf Poetry Chapbook Contest (see next section) Poets and your local community go together like peaches and cream, so don’t be afraid to poke around and see if there are awards granted to those who can encapsulate just what it’s like to live in Anytown, USA. Similarly, your poems can be submitted to contests held by local organizations (i.e. libraries, Rotary, Elks/BPOE) that typically feature less competition than nationally-held contests. Also, contests to include your work on public transportation do exist. The plus side is that your name and work can be seen by more eyes than just a literary-oriented audience. Different Types of Poetry Writing Contests Just like there’s a difference between calming haikus and visceral slam poetry, there’s a lot of variation between what a typical poetry contest actually requires to enter. Some require only previously unpublished works, while others are written to a form of the organizer’s choosing. For instance, this contest not only has strict guidelines for form, but also prefers poems written about angels. Alas, there’s no money in this particular example—however, there’s Glory! Pay particular attention the submission guidelines, as they are as variable as snowflakes. The aforementioned Concrete Wolf Poetry Chapbook Contest demands the following criteria: â€Å"We prefer chapbooks that have a theme, either obvious (i.e., chapbook about a divorce) or understated (i.e., all the poems mention the color blue). We like a collection that feels more like a whole than a sampling of work. We have no preference as to formal or free verse. We probably slightly favor lyric and narrative poetry to language and concrete, but excellent examples of any style get our attention.† However, that’s just what they’re looking for—you still have to follow the guidelines posted on their website; some purposely only accept SASE to weed out applicants, while others offer email submissions. Open to All? While most contests are open to everyone that can string together a couplet, other contests are only open to certain types of poets. The Naomi Long Madgett Poetry contest only accepts submissions from African-American poets; African poets can apply for The Sillerman First Book Prize for African Poets; the Dancing Poetry Contest [www.dancingpoetry.com] only accepts poets who write in English. Again, read the submission guidelines and you can save yourself some disappointment (unless that fuels your writing; then I say, â€Å"submit away!†). Compensation The bigger and more national a poetry contest is, the more the poetry contest will pay out. Here’$ just a quick rundown of $ome that may pique your intere$t: Colorado Prize for Poetry Prize: $2,000 and a publication of a book-length manuscript. Crab Orchard Series in Poetry First Book Award Prize: $3,500 ($2,000 prize plus $1,500 honorarium for a reading at Southern Illinois University Carbondale) and publication. Robert Dana Anhinga Prize For Poetry Prize: $2,000, a reading tour of  selected Florida colleges and universities, and the winning manuscript will be published. Not bad for writing a few verses, eh? Of course, there’s quite a few that only pay $50, but that’s still money that can giving you bragging rights. After all, how many poets do you know that get paid to write it? That’s what I thought†¦ Final Note: Beware of the Scam For any competitive endeavor, you should be aware that organizers don’t always have the most altruistic motives beforehand. Poetry is no exception to this—in fact, I’d wager that a large portion of them are set up solely to line the pockets (and increase the clout) of the organizers. How does it work? Basically, you pay an entry fee to enter the contest. If your poetry is selected (there’s usually no guarantee they’ve actually read your poem), you pay more money to have your published work in print. Or, they throw you a bone and give you a â€Å"free† copy in an anthology. It’s essentially â€Å"pay-to-play.† For a fee of $50 with even just 10 entrants, that’s $500 to the organizers minus expenses. There might even be a token payment to avoid negative feedback—poets do have a way with words—but you can see why these things are held in the first place. Even if these contests offer a podium and opportunity to read your work in front of an audience, compensation is usually non-existent. It’s usually for the exposure; and like cold weather, you can die of exposure! So, use your discretion beforehand. * * * That about wraps up our quick guide to entering poetry writing contests and avoiding a few bad apples. The next time I take the bus, I’ll be on the lookout for your work. I’ll leave you with my earth-shattering verse: Roses are red, Violets are blue, Make some cash with poetry contests, but don’t plagiarize—you’ll get sued. THE END

Using Samples Essay on Mobile Deposit

Using Samples Essay on Mobile Deposit As mobile usage started to pick up pace and cellular devices began to position themselves at the middle of our online lives, commentators had plenty to say regarding the mobile revolution. Overall, mobile games aren't bad as long as you don't get addicted to them and are in a position to restrict your indulgence for only a little time period during the day. For many individuals, losing a cell telephone is a very emotional experience. To conclude, mobile phone is essential for our modern lives today. The precise cost and timing of the job will be contingent on the specific instance, thus we can only roughly orient you by price. If you want, I can supply you with current samples of my work. While working on your purchase, you can adhere to the procedure for working on your undertaking. The entire procedure of applying to college is tricky from the beginning. What Everybody Dislikes About Samples Essay on Mobile Deposit and Why Mobile phone is a revolutionary step in the industry of tele-communication. It is a good technology which is not lacking from our lives. It has completely changed the concept of the telephoning. It is a revolutionary step in the field of telecommunication. Attempt to know why such devices may be dangerous and begin to compose an essay on cellphone addiction. There are a big number of different cell phone devices and it's a huge challenge for banks to provide a cell banking solution on any kind of device. With mobile gaming, you've got to keep your eye on the screen and handle the control through your small gadget. Review what you've been requested to address in your essay Sometimes educational institutions wish to find out more than just your career targets. There are lots of books that purport to offer you an advantage in seeking admission. Colleges and universities wouldn't exist without students so the duty of the college admissions office is essential to the diversity and financial health of any university. The finest argumentative essay writing service on the net is a business that gives good quality and very affordable help on argumentative essay and argumentative essay topics. For organization, a very good resource for you is most likely the five-paragraph essay. Accessing the net is now mandatory in many professions. Reading example essays works exactly the same way! They may be lightly modified for readability or to protect the anonymity of contributors, but we do not edit essay examples prior to publication. Every essay should incorporate every honor or prize you've ever won. Banking essays can be real fun to play with if you've got a comprehensive understanding about the discipline and have keen interest in writing, so should you think that you cannot write decent banking essays than again you're erroneous. In addition, indulging in mobile games offers you an opportunity to relax the mind and receive a breather from the problem you've been thinking about. So, a bit of gaming on a normal basis can really help you improve your skills in a huge way. Indulging in just a little bit of gaming through your mobile is actually excellent for the mind as it can help you knock out the stress you've accumulated. Mobile phones may be used in either positive or negative approaches and can be consider ed either a blessing or a curse based on the way a specific person views the entire subject. You begin by asking a question, which is a great way to begin. In that scenario, it's more important to stick to the instructions on the work listing. The issue, nevertheless, is that often terminally ill folks aren't capable of ending their life in a painless, dignified fashion, and so require the aid of a relative of close friend. The only problem includes grammar problems like harmful rather than harm in the question at the start. Assuming you want to get hired by a superior company, generally you'll be requested to write an expert goals essay to demonstrate that you're the most appropriate candidate to occupy the available position. Compare and contrast essay is widely utilized in many different types of writing assignments. It's very valuable to take writing apart as a way to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. Before writing argumentative essay, a suitable comprehension of the subject ought to be developed, and relevant and authentic material ought to be used. Research studies also have claimed that mobile phones have a negative effect on health of someone. Mobile banking is utilized in many elements of the planet with very little or no infrastructure, especially remote and rural places. The mobile phone assists us in keeping a fast-paced way of life and they are continuously improving with many more to select from. Today, it plays a major role in our lives, which brings many benefits to us but also contains some drawbacks.

Why I was Scared of Reading Dracula - 1112 Words

I was scared by the novel. I found the novel difficult to finish reading and I didn’t enjoy reading it. Usually I have no trouble reading books but with Dracula, my fear of the plot, the character and the topics in the novel prevented me from being able to read the book before I go to bed, which unfortunately is when I normally read. I think the fear I experienced when reading the book was mainly due to the circumstances under which I read it. In the time when people were first reading Dracula, vampires and other supernatural themes weren’t really something anyone had thought of writing about, so the readers were caught up in the idea that there could be vampires living in the same down as themselves and their families. To the readers back†¦show more content†¦... Beware how you meddle with him, or you’ll have to deal with me.† (Stoker, 1993:55). Although the female vampires initially resist Dracula’s power, they eventually succumb to his au thority and leave Jonathan Harker alone. The construction of the female vampires also opposes the construction that we have of women of the time when the novel was written. W are sown through the descriptions of Mina Harker and Lucy Westenra and also from Jonathan Harker’s thoughts on the female vampires and other women he encounters, that the women of the time when this novel was written were expected to be pure, passive, conservative, affectionate, sympathetic and angelic. They were also assumed, and almost expected, to be weak-minded, this makes women seem as if they need a husband to protect them and provide for them. It can also be seen in the novel that sexually aggressive or sexually available women were seen as a threat to proper society. It also appears that a women’s innocence is extremely valuable to men, for example a women like Mina Harker, even though the promiscuous women in the book, such as the three female vampires and the un-dead Lucy, are strangely attractive to men. Along with the discourse of femininity, I also found the discourses of medicine and science within Dracula fascinating. In general I have a very strong interest in almost anything science related, in particular within the fields of biology and medicine. Therefore I found the recountsShow MoreRelated Why is Dracula such a great horror story? Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesWhy is Dracula such a great horror story? In my opinion Dracula is a great horror story because it is highly entertaining in its idea of vampirism, its atmospheric descriptions, powerful characterisation and the horrific death of Lucy. The novel is also interesting because of the religious perspectives, such as the use of garlic, holy water and the crucifix as weapons against evil. Jonathan Harkers journey to Count Draculas home is described in great detail. The atmosphere not onlyRead MoreA Good Or Evil?1743 Words   |  7 PagesIn Bram Stoker’s novel â€Å"Dracula,† the reader can see the distinct difference in good and evil. The characters in â€Å"Dracula† build their personality or reputation by the actions they accomplish. Bram Stoker assist the reader in categorizing each character as good or evil. The first character that represents the ideal woman is Mina Murray that is later Mina Harker. During the Victorian Era, women were supposed to be pure and the perfect example of the typical wife. Mina was a perfect representationRead MoreBram Stoker’s Dracula1087 Words   |  5 Pagesto emerge. This essay will be about who Dracula enticed women, how his detainer was unsettling and demonic. How the era in which the novel was written plays a part in the ideas of Dracula and how behaves; with such things as women, food, and Harker. The Victorian era definitely influenced the writing of the time through reflections of exploitation of women and a certain darkness in ones self, also explains of mystery and suspense. Abraham (Bram) Stoker was born in Dublin in 1847, the third of sevenRead MoreDracula, By Bram Stoker2171 Words   |  9 PagesAfter reading the novel Dracula by Bram Stoker, we learn many things about the style of writing he used to capture the reader’s attention. We also learned about the main ideas Stoker brought in his writing, like how evil is all around us and how when humans join together, they could overcome the evil. In addition, he also describes the protagonist of the story and the way it behaves throughout the whole story and how it gets involved with all the characters. Last but not least, Stoker shows the readerRead MoreDracula, The Mummy, By Bram Stoker2414 Words   |  10 PagesMummy, Creature from the Black Lagoon, Dracula, all horrific images of the â€Å"Universal Monsters† created from the 1920s to the 1930s by Universal Studios. To the audience these monsters created panic and suspense that made leaving the lights on before bed a necessary precaut ion; they are what is seen as a true, scary, monstrous fiction. Many of these monsters did not begin their stories in cinema however; they began as novels. For Director Tod Browning’s 1931 Dracula, Bram Stoker is truly the mastermindRead MoreBoth Mary Shelleys ‘Frankenstein and Bram Stokers ‘Dracula Are Co1866 Words   |  8 PagesBoth Mary Shelleys ‘Frankenstein and Bram Stokers ‘Dracula are concerned with representations of evil. Which creation/character do you find most frightening and why? Evil features in both ‘Dracula and ‘Frankenstein but the personification of this evil is different in both novels. A feeling of menace and doom pervades ‘Dracula because of his supernatural powers. One feels that he has control of the evil and he has the power to manipulate the environment and people for his own ends. ‘FrankensteinRead More Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Bram Stoker’s Dracula Essay1792 Words   |  8 PagesMary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Bram Stoker’s Dracula Evil features in both ‘Dracula’ and ‘Frankenstein’ but the personification of this evil is different in both novels. A feeling of menace and doom pervades ‘Dracula’ because of his supernatural powers. One feels that he has control of the evil and he has the power to manipulate the environment and people for his own ends. ‘Frankenstein’ centres on the creation of a monster made from parts of dead bodies and the fear created by the monsterRead MoreHitchcocks Film Psycho Essay1575 Words   |  7 Pagesthe first horror movies were produced they have attracted huge audiences seeking to be scared, chilled and thrilled. Horror movies are so popular because the audience can get the adrenaline rush of being scared without actually putting themselves in danger, and also the audience ultimately get a rush of relief at the end of the film when the killer is killed. This is the same reason why people go on roller coasters because you get the adrenaline rush and then the reliefRead MoreFemininity Vs. Masculinity, By Bram Stoker s Dracula2081 Words   |  9 Pagesbecause of how we act and our emotions. In Bram Stoker, Dracula, each character faces difficult obstacles between the lines of being all man or facing the structures of being a woman. With the help of two critical essays to analyze Dracula through their writing as well as to help understand the differences and non-differences. One essay wrote by Bram Dijkstra called â€Å"[Dracula’s Backlash]†, I liked his essay because of how he looks at Dracula and how are treated women back in the nineteenth centuryRead MoreEssay on Buffy the Vampire Slayer5067 Words   |  21 PagesHelsing in Bram Stokers Dracula, who leads the young heroes into their quest to annihilate the Count, to Rupert Giles, the Watcher in Buffy the Vampire Slayer, older and more experienced adults have provided essential guidance for the younger protagonists of the genre. The differences in media of expression and the subsequent adaptations from novel to television series has not affected the presence of this character, more than a hundred years after the publication of Dracula in 1897. What also unites

Affordable Housing for Low Income Families Essay - 582 Words

Affordable Housing for Low Income Families For those of us with warm roofs over our heads and groceries on the table the problem of affordable housing does not often surface. But for low-income families, where half the income can disappear simply trying to keep the family sheltered in an acceptable home, the problem is a daily one. President of the BRIDGE Housing Corporation Donald Terner and columnist Brad Terner argue that affordable housing is a problem that should involve everyone. From your local supermarket clerk to your child’s science teacher, the problem of affordable housing can affect us all. Terner presents the beginning of a solution to the affordable housing problem in his article Affordable Housing: An Impossible†¦show more content†¦Inman focuses on the contrast between wealthy home buyers and average home buyers to motivate the public to act. Though no specific action is suggested as in Terner’s article, Inman’s argument inspires action because the implications of not having affordable housing are so clearly laid out. In addition to spouting out the statistic that 33% of the average income goes towards a house, Inman spells out the situation by concluding, â€Å"†¦for everyone [not rich], a basic house can be a serious economic drain.† (Inman, p. 7) Inman values proportional equality for American citizens as he points out the ludicrous gap between rich and not-rich home purchases. The way I see it, the amount one spends on a home is already proportional to what one earns. Inman argues in favor of equality between rich and not-rich families, but I believe this opposes the American Dream of earning your fortune and home. Inman bases his argument around the envy the average American might feel upon hearing that some people can afford a three-room library in their home. But how often will you really find such a three-room library? Inman’s is an unrealistic comparison. Of course there are a few filthy rich individuals who can afford to buy and trade houses â€Å"like the rest of us buy shoes and socks.† (Inman, p. 7) This, however, is a biased simile on Inman’s part because I seriously doubtShow MoreRelatedThe True Cost Of Living1014 Words   |  5 PagesCost of Living Affordable Housing is a subject that every federal, state, and policy maker has to address. With high homelessness rates, there has to be ways to provide affordable housing to those in need (NationalHomeless.org). A family must have acceptable housing options to have a positive quality of life. Land Bank defines affordability as, A common measure of community-wide affordability is the number of homes that a household with a certain percentage of median income can afford† (CuyahogoLandBankRead MoreLack Of Income Or Insufficient Education1601 Words   |  7 Pagesstudies have shown that lack of higher education is another reason family’s lack the necessary income to afford housing. In lower income families only a small percentage of individuals go on to college after high school. Those without a college degree make significantly less than those who do have one. This lack of income limits the housing they can afford. Moreover, the open waiting list for Public Housing varies from state to state. For example, there is 1 open waitlist in Alaska, 13 in Arizona,Read MoreEssay on Affordable Housing Crisis1088 Words   |  5 PagesAffordable housing in the United States describes sheltering units with well-adjusted housing costs for those living on an average, median income. The phrase usually implies to applied rental or purchaser housing within the financial means of lower-income ranges specific to the demographics of any given area. However, affordable housing does not include those living in social housing owned by government and non-profit organizations. More specifically, the targeted range for housing affordabilityRead MoreAffordable Housing Is A Problem For The Working Poor901 Words   |  4 Pagesa half million homeless people in the United States, and that number not only includes individuals but families and children. These numbers are quite astounding to me, because we live in a nation ful l of opportunities for anyone seeking to have a better life for their family. However, not enough affordable housing is one the main reasons for homelessness. From the late 1980, affordable housing became a problem for the working poor. ‘Despite improvements in employment, the number of people in povertyRead MoreHomelessness : Homeless People Are Homeless Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pagesbarriers that maintain homelessness. While many will argue that permanent housing for the homeless will be costly, devalue local property, and damage business, developing community based affordable housing to end homelessness will improve lives, while enhancing the social and economic wellbeing of the community and business. Today, the task force will explore resources to help several homeless families find and sustain affordable housing and services necessary to achieve stability. First is Arleen, a 38-yearRead MoreCape Cod s Housing Crisis1737 Words   |  7 PagesCape Cod’s Housing Crisis Cape Cod is plagued by an economic dilemma: young people, especially young families can not afford to live here. From 2000 to 2010, Cape Cod experienced an exodus of 27% of those between the ages of 25 and 44. One of the major factors in this outmigration is the lack of affordable housing. Affordable housing is defined as a specific, measurable ratio of income-to- housing expense. They are homes made available specifically to individuals and families whose income is at orRead MoreHousing Affordability1227 Words   |  5 Pagesworse affordable housing rates than Brooklyn, New York (Calvin). Sadly, this is the reality for many Iowans, with the capital city of Des Moines having only 30 units of affordable housing available for every 100 units needed (Poething). In Iowa alone, 74,000+ households have 50% or more of their monthly income going straight towards their housing bill. (Hensley) This means families must face difficult tradeoffs—will they keep their house, or will their children go hungry? Will their family have coatsRead MoreThe Appropriateness Of Public Private Partnership1728 Words   |  7 PagesAppropriateness of Public-Private Partnership in Economically Affordable Housing in the Context of China 1 Introduction In recent decades, the rapid urbanisation in China has led to the fast economic growth alone with many social issues, especially housing problem. The Chinese government tried to build public housing to ease this situation. However, the lack of incentives and benefits in local government often obstruct the public housing projects from implementing. Thus, the increasing urbanisationRead MoreHomelessness : The United States1214 Words   |  5 Pageshomes because they cannot make enough money to pay to live in their previous homes. Homelessness occurs when people or households cannot afford housing. 3.5 million people yearly experience homelessness in the United States, and it is time to take action to end the suffering of homeless people. The U.S. government should execute plans to make housing low-cost and more jobs that are high-paying to reduce homelessness in the U.S. Homelessness has always been a problem in the United States but justRead MoreAnalysis Of Northampton Massachusetts Completed The Sustainable Northampton Comprehensive Plan1609 Words   |  7 PagesHousing In 2008, Northampton Massachusetts completed the Sustainable Northampton Comprehensive Plan. This plan was implemented in order to â€Å"support a wide variety of housing types that increase rental and homeownership units to create and preserve a range of affordability and choice in housing options† (Source). For quite some time, Northampton has been keen on making housing more affordable and accessible to it’s community. Quality Quality Strengths. Addition of new housing units has been steady

Heat Capacity Definition in Chemistry

General Understanding Of History And Colonization Of...

Carissa Riemers Alex Ghebregzi AMIN 1003 December 1st, 2016 Reflection Paper Prior to this course, I had a general understanding of the history and colonization of Native Americans. Coming from a family that celebrates our Native American culture, I knew that it was my responsibility to accept and embrace who I was and share my knowledge with others. My family is from the Pine Point community of the White Earth reservation; growing up I was always sure to listen to the stories of my elders and understand the hardships that have taken place in my family. I have always tried to help and correct those around me who have incorrect preconceived ideas about Native Americans. Even though I have never looked the part of being American Indian with my Swedish bright blonde hair and blue eyes, I have never been discouraged to embrace my culture and be an advocate. Even though I comprehend and appreciate my Native American heritage, there were many ideas, affairs, and conditions I did not know entering this course. I have been gifted knowledge about the deeper history and cultural practices of Native Americans who reside in Minnesota. Many of the details I have learned relates to the old and new cultural ways of life, along with the hardships Native Americans have encountered due to the cruel cultural assimilation and genocide of their people. This acculturation was ascribed to the Western civilizations who invaded the precious and sacred soil of Native people. Ojibwe and the DakotaShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Colonialism On Native Peoples1072 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Colonialism on Native Peoples Colonialism has had major effects on different countries throughout the years. Europeans were a major cause of these horrid events. Colonization will cause a country to lose the culture they have developed and will strip the natives of their souls. As you read through this paper, you will discover the true horror of what colonialism is and how it strips the souls of the people in it. Stripping the Souls of the Natives It is known that invading a countryRead MoreImages Of America The European Writers902 Words   |  4 PagesImages of America the European writers constructed to promote colonization and settlement European exchanged cultures with North America when Leif Ericsson’s arrived at the new land at the year 1000. However European settlement started to spread after Columbus first voyage in 1492. In 16th century America became the golden arena for Europe and renaissance attracted adventures and opportunities for colonial aspirations of rival empires. Explorations in America increased fast and grew and by the timeRead MoreColonization Or Imperialism Is Done By Treaties Or Agreements?1652 Words   |  7 Pages Colonization Lis Mendez AIU Online Abstract Prior to the modern or new era it was believed that conquers who conquered other lands had the right to take possession of that land, its riches, resources and even the people in order to achieve their own political agenda. Today the concept has changed, colonization or imperialism is done by treaties or agreements, they are acts in which governments negotiate with a less powerful country, they lead them to believe that their colonization willRead MoreThe New World During The European Age Of Exploration Essay1615 Words   |  7 Pagesself-explanatory; broken down, â€Å"virgin soil† clearly means untouched land, and â€Å"epidemic† is usually a word used to describe something that spreads quickly and affects a large number of people, in this case (and in most other cases), disease. While this term is general and can be applied to nearly any situation that fits the aforementioned criteria, it was coined by Alfred Crosby in reference to the phenomena as it occurred in the western hemisphere of the world; contact between two previously unintroduced groupsRead MoreIndigenous People s History Of The United States Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesAn Indigenous People s’ History of the United States. A history book claimed to go above and beyond what has been stated in text before it. Every page is packed with details and references to other accredited historians, or examples of the mindset that has been historically infused. At first glance you think you already know about the history of the Native Americans. How we saw it fit to take their land, put them on ever shrinking â€Å"gifted† lands that would never allow them to strive again. How theyRead MoreThe Trans Oceanic Movement Of People Of The Pacific2452 Words   |  10 Pagescoordinates hand in hand with native and settlers sexualities. We learned that the through past and current colonization, the Pacific has been conceptualized from Euro-Americans. As far as literacy, visual, and audiovisual from the media has helped create a representations of how the rest of the world acknowledge the Pacific. Through, the countless articles, textbook readings, and movies we have watched this semester I have realized that I am a bit sadden by how non-native people can create a representationRead MoreCultural Convergence And Cultural Culture2176 Words   |  9 Pagescommunication, the understanding of other people is necessary to â€Å"keep the peace† throughout many people. This can be achieved by respecting and understanding each other s cultures. CA can cause the extinction of a culture. With aspects of that culture being stolen and claimed by others, the originality of the culture is compromised and the creativity of the original people isn t recognized. CA usually pertains to a dominant race/ ethnic group stealing aspects of a minority. â€Å"African Americans, Asian AmericansRead MoreCompare and Contrast British, French, and Spanish Imperial Goals in North America Between 1580 and 1763946 Words   |  4 PagesMarcus Gravey stated that, â€Å"A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.† With that being stated, are the people of the United States, Canada, and Mexico trees without roots? At a young age students learn that Christopher Columbus â€Å"sailed the ocean blue in 1492†, a simple song used to assist children remember that America was discovered in 1492. In addition, Thackeray and Findling describe how Columbus’s discovery presented an unimaginableRead MoreA Narrative Of The Captivity And Restoration1562 Words   |  7 PagesNative- European encounters date all the way back to the early 1700’s. They’re countless stories and narratives, which focus on different details of the Native Americans, and Europeans. New England colonies were typically known for the formation and development of American literature. European colonization and territorial cross-over onto Native land, sparked many of the stories written that scholars still read, to this day. Many different themes are used to characterize the literature created duringRead MoreRubrics Of Psychological Well-Being And Health, Particularly1272 Words   |  6 PagesRubrics of psychological well-being and health, particularly within the United States, begins by theorizing a normative subject who is, so far, always possessive of the Euro-American, middle-class, male, cisgendered, heterosexual point of view. These rubrics, often in the form of personal ity assessment instruments, are not only characteristic of the West’s position as hegemon over social life, but also display an inability to see from any reference point besides the dominant culture’s standard of

The Civil Right Act Of 1866 - 1520 Words

Racial discrimination in granting rights and privilege between the veterans of white Americans and black African American is a major issue since seventeenth century. From the very beginning of America White Americans used to treat African Americans as slaves. Slavery in the United States began soon after English colonists first settled Virginia and lasted until the passage of the Civil Right Act of 1866. The nineteenth century saw a hardening of institutionalized racism and legal discrimination against citizens of African descent in the United States. During this time, separateness, racial distinction and expressions of white domination all increased, and also the anti-black violence such as lynching and riots (Hill,†¦show more content†¦Besides discrimination in pay African Americans were always assigned to labourer works rather than combat assignments. African Americans had to face discrimination in fooding, clothing restrooms, bathrooms and even with the arms, their li fe is considered as less important than the life s of whites. Even after death their families and their children s were kept away from the compensation or other rehabilitating and readjustment policies. American Civil war was fought from 1861-1865 by the African American against the white Americans to attain freedom from slavery. After the conclusion of the civil war the Thirteenth Amendment of the constitution was ratified in 1865,near about 4 million slaves were freed, the Fourteenth Amendment (1868) granted citizenship to African Americans, and Fifteenth Amendment (1870) granted them voting right. African Americans want to fight, are anxious to fight but only on the same footing as the rest. They want an equal chance from start to finish rising up to highest possible place by merit. After the World War II the social and economic difference between the white and black increased. The GI bill powered whites upward class mobility after the war. The readjustment benefits of the GI bil l underwrite a massive shift of white men from working class job to the professional and managerial occupations. By 1955 veterans had substantially higher incomes, more liquid assets, and were more

Elderly Abuse And Domestic Violence - 918 Words

Elderly abuse is more and more becoming recognized, whereas before child abuse and domestic violence was way more viewed before elderly abuse (1). This epidemic problem has grown tremendously (1). Elderly abuse is when an older adult is being distress due to another causing deliberate harm to that person (1). Your rarely hear on the news about elderly abuse, but unfortunately elder abuse are increasing (2). The government has concern about this and is working on action on elder abuse they found in a â€Å"over a period of 6 months, nine local authorities reported 639 abuse cases, 188 were in care at home, and 116 was from working in either a care home or hospital, but five cases was criminally prosecuted† (2). Abuse is a violation of an individual human and civil rights by any other person or persons is causing the elderly to have stress and suffering(2). A recent summary of international elder abuse prevalence data reported that as many as 4.3% of older adults (equivalen t to 1.6 million older Americans) are physically abused annually; even higher rates are reported for dependent older adults with caregivers (4). Who are the abuser acquaintances, sons, daughters, grandchildren, caregiver, and spouses. Some of the abuser are unmarried, live with their victims, unemployed. Some can have alcohol or substance abuse problems (5). The majority of identified victims are women, however older men have been sexually abused in both domestic and institutional settings (5). ViolenceShow MoreRelatedThe Characteristics Of Abusers Of Domestic Violence904 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen resolved. Some of the abuse results from being abused or it comes from social problems. Regardless of the situation abuse is never okay and should be handled accordingly. This essay will cover the characteristics of abusers of domestic violence and what roles substance abuse plays in domestic violence. One characteristic of an abuser is destroying an individual’s property and t he things they care about. When an abuser feels like an individual is going to leave the abuse, the abuser will sometimesRead MoreA Research On Public Safety1001 Words   |  5 Pagesthat have not been met or that required to be helped. Police and other law enforcement officials have went beyond the call of duty on more than one occasion for these groups. Just a few groups that need assistance are as followed: homeless, elderly, domestic abuse, and lastly mentally handicapped. To begin with what is homeless? â€Å"The term â€Å"homeless† refers to someone who is usually poor and frequently on the move from one temporary dwelling situation to another† (Charmard, 2016). Many people wonderRead MoreAll around the world domestic violence is a threat to all different types of families, including1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld domestic violence is a threat to all different types of families, including children and adults. â€Å"It is estimated that approximately 3 millio n incidents of domestic violence are reported each year in the United States† (Feinstein). The most common victims of domestic violence are women, and children. Organizations that offers protection for victims includes: National Network to End Domestic Violence, Survivor Network, and National Council on Child Abuse and Family Violence. Domestic violenceRead MoreDomestic Violence Is Now Broadly Defined As All Acts Of1586 Words   |  7 Pages Domestic violence is now broadly defined as all acts of physical, sexual, psychological and economic violence committed by a family member or intimate partner. It has to do with a pattern of power and control exerted by partner or family member upon another. The constancy and severity of the abuse can vary however, it always has a negative impact on the relationship. The devastating impact can last for a long time crossing generations or a lifetime. The battered women movement goal was to seeRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Domestic Violence Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper I will be addressing the correlation that is between substance abuse and domestic violence. There are many factors that play a role in why domestic violence occurs in a home; this paper will be focusing on the factor of drug abuse in particularly. Early on in the course we learned that domestic violence does not only pertain to intimate partner violence but also to child abuse, elder abuse, and any other abuse of a person that occurs with inside the home. I will be providing researchRead MoreHow Domestic Violence Affects Children As Well As The Mental Health Of Its Victims1744 Words   |  7 Pagesextensive overview of the research topic. This chapter will provide a historical background on domestic violence, a historical perspective of the services provided and an overview of different forms of domestic violence. The goal of this literature review is to examine the statistical information that is presented as it relates to domestic violence. This literature review will also reveal how domestic violence affects children as well as the mental health of its victims. In addition, this chapter willRead MoreDomestic Abuse Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesChild and domestic abuse is a serious matter which needs to have additional focus, especially in this day and age. Abuse is most often causes harm to others. Abuse may either be verbal, emotional, or physical or times all three. In today’s society there are many different types of abuse including, physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, and neglect. All these types of abuse can affect people in multiple different ways, creating anywhere from short term to long term notable effects in the personRead MoreThe Negative Impact of Elderly Abuse1202 Words   |  5 Pageselder abuse continues to threaten the quality of life of the elderly population. Elder abuse is now becoming a prevalent problem in our society, and this problem is often overlooked and ignored making elder abuse one of the most unreported crimes in the country. Elder abuse is extremely complex like any other type of domestic violence and because there are many elements that contribute to this problem, the impact of elder abuse is much deeper than it may appear on the surface. Elder abuse has a negativeRead MoreThe Laws Were Little More Lax Than They Are Now926 Words   |  4 Pagesour house, having to go within a few days to the judge which would give him a slap on the wrist, like a fine. We’d all be walking on pins and needles waiting for the next time, he went drinking or he had a bad day at work and the verbal and physical abuse would begin again. I guess it’s because I’m older than most in this class I grew up in a different time, being forty eight, I grew up mainly in the late seventies, so I think these laws were little more lax than they are now. I guess I can’t blameRead MoreThe Death Of A Child922 Words   |  4 Pagesdays to go for the judge to give him a slap on the wrist like a fine then he would be back in our house and we’d all be walking on pins and needles waiting for the next time he went drinking or he had a bad day at work and the verbal and physical abuse would begin again. I guess it’s because I’m older than most in this class I grew up in a different time, being 48 I grew up mainly in the late 70s so I think these laws were little more lax than they are now. I guess I can’t blame it all on my stepfather

Things Fall Apart (Coming of White Men) Free Essays

Thing Fall Apart Chinua Achebe Discuss how the coming of the White men makes Umuofia â€Å"fall apart†. Make reference to the religious, economic, political and social impact of the British culture on the traditions of the clan. As the novel opens, we get to know Umuofia, one of Igbo’s nine villages, as an organized but somehow different civilization. We will write a custom essay sample on Things Fall Apart (Coming of White Men) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Chinua Achebe portrays life in this village as rough and harsh, conveying to the readers that only brave men would succeed in it. As said before, even though these civilizations are stereotyped and seen as primitive, we can clearly see that their lives are completely balanced between faith and order. It is actually astonishing to see how such a different way of life, to what we think and see as the normal life, may be as much or even more organized than ours. Even though both civilization are completely organized and function perfectly well, they could never live together in harmony. One would end up consuming the other as they were not meant to coexist. We may think we are educating and helping â€Å"uncivilized men†, but we are actually disintegrating their beliefs, their organization, their politics and their language. We are not aiding them, but destroying their religion and their society. We are, in other words, banishing their culture. A culture that will be lost forever. Hence, we may say, that in many ways the coming of White men made Umuofia â€Å"fall apart†. To begin with, the coming of the white men made Umuofia fell apart as their religion was greatly affected. The village of Umuofia was sustained by their beliefs and their gods, who criticized and punished the lazy men and those who were not worthy of worshipping them. Therefore the coming of a new monotheist and more peaceful religion brought huge changes in some of Umuofia’s most important traditions. These white men questioned most of Umuofia’s beliefs such as the dangers that inhabited the evil forest by setting their livings there. This first action brought great controversy in the clan as people thought that whoever stayed in the forest for a certain period of time would painfully die. The resistance these white men showed to that â€Å"evil force† led many people to get interested in the new religion. People suddenly began questioning their own beliefs and traditions, questioning why they should venerate gods who were bound to punish, and not one God who was merciful towards humanity. The village divided in to those who remained steadfast to their traditions, and those who began to adopt the new ones. Society completely turned over after these events. Those who turned into Christianity were seen as the elite of the society. The clan was getting weaker and weaker every day, as more and more people turned into Christianity. The time soon come that the clansmen had not enough forces to control the missionaries. They should have reacted before, but only the exiled Okonkwo was brave enough to face the white men. Hence, we may conclude that the imposition of a new religion severely damaged the village by, splitting it in two, reducing their forces and their willing to fight, and proving most of their beliefs false. Summarizing this, it massively weakened the most powerful and feared clan of the nine villages. Economically, Umuofia was also affected by the arrival of white men. Hitherto, Umuofia had presented us a hierarchical society, were men who showed to be brave, hard workers and strong enough, occupied the highest places in society, while lazy and unmanly men were found at the bottom of the pyramid. Since, the missionaries arrived, things turned around, the lazy and humble men who decided to accept and worship the new god began to get richer and richer, while the hard worker farmers were left behind. Money began circulating in the tribe but only those who turned into Christianity had it. Hence, no one interested in trading, and so, farmers were getting poorer every day. We may say that Umuofia was not destroyed economically but it was greatly affected, some suffered a lot of it, but some others were benefited by these changes. The arrival of the white men also led to massive changes in the village’s politics. They subjected the villagers to their own judicial system and rules, imposing an extremely different and harsh government over them. As white men didn’t respect nor understand the clan’s customs, many men were punished for following their â€Å"uncivilized† traditions. In chapter twenty one Okonkwo discusses with Obierika about Aneto, who was recently hanged by the government after he killed a man with whom he had a dispute. Clearly the new ruling system didn’t take into account old customs. It is completely correct actually, to punish a murderer, or any kind of criminal, but by doing so we are destroying their customs and their traditions. When Enoch unmasked an Egwugwu, considered to be the highest possible crime in Umuofia, the church did nothing, as again, they didn’t respect their customs. Unmasking an Egwugwu in Umuofia is as much or even more harsh than killing a man is for the white men, it can only be compared with killing a god. Once again, the new government doesn’t punish this event. This is a great example of how, Umuofia was left weak and subjected to the white men ruling. We can see now, that they are not trying to make Umuofia a more civilized village, but a more British one. Hence we may conclude that by imposing a new government who ignores their customs, the coming of the white men are making Umuofia fall apart. Finally, culturally Umuofia also fell apart thanks to the arrival of the white man. The new comers introduced a school, which taught their own rules, their beliefs, and their culture. They educated younger villagers that way, so that they could later control them more easily. They were kind of brain washed to believe and trust whatever they do. Education is not bad, of course, but they were not educating them to be better and more intelligent villagers, they were educating them to be other persons. They changed their minds. Young boys were dragged out of farming into the school. In other words, they were dragged out of their lives, from whom they really are. Another cultural change imposed by the white men were hospitals, we can’t say that’s something bad, but that is not how Umuofia is. When we say that it â€Å"fell apart†, we are not actually saying that everything went wrong for them, that all changes were bad. Some, like the introduction of hospitals in the tribe, were actually a massive improvement. Indeed, some of the politics imposed do try to make Umuofia a â€Å"safer† place, where killing is punished, and leaving twins in the forest to die is seen as an abomination. That’s perfectly fine, they may be improving in some ways their lives, but the culture, the old traditions, their beliefs, everything was lost. Everything Umuofia was, suddenly banished. Everything it represented, their gods, their traditions, and their culture were destroyed. Nobody left to defend their customs, nobody left to respect them. Only memories were left of Okonkwo, Umuofia and their old lives. Everything Umuofia was†¦ fell apart. How to cite Things Fall Apart (Coming of White Men), Papers

Management - Backup & DR

Question: Discuss about theManagement, Backup DR. Answer: Introduction The management of DSI based on cloud architecture evaluations has decided to implement ICT applications in their OSDS suite in SaaS model and in their hybrid cloud model. In the DSI cloud migration planning, SaaS delivery model is preferred for OSDS suite because it offers redundant resources for application implementation and can provide interoperability with any type of user operating systems. In hybrid model, private cloud is a highly secured infrastructure which is meant for internal users in government departments that make use of spatial information. This report focuses on assessment for deployment model, risk management and security issues for OSDS applications along with evaluating the technical management of cloud and service level agreements (SLA) agreed with the cloud provider. The management requirements are highlighted for the chosen cloud provider in terms of remote administration, resource provisioning, backup and disaster recovery (DR) and SLAs. The assessments are di scussed in the next sections. Management and Remote Administration Since cloud service models are outsourced infrastructure and managed by a cloud service provider, the IT resources needed by DSI must be configured, administered and monitored for their usage. These management mechanisms in clouds facilitate control of IT resources as required by DSI and are the main elements of cloud technology architectures (Erl, Ricardo, Zaigham, 2013) required for the OSDS suite of applications. Cloud management will cover the aspects of emote administration, resource management and SLA management. The tools and UI for remote management can be used by DSIs IT department to configure and monitor resources on the cloud. In order to have maximum benefit of cloud platform, the organization can make use of cloud operational checklists provided by Morad and Dhalbajan. The checklists can be used by DSI to support their cloud assessment needs. There are two types of checklists based on the maturity level and application development requirements. They are the basic operations checklist and the enterprise operations checklist (Morad Dalbhanjan, 2013). The basic operation checklist will allow DSI to the service model of SaaS and hybrid deployment model, the following assessment is made related to cloud DSI to evaluate their use of specific services needed for OSDS application suite before they are migrated to the cloud. The enterprise operations checklist will support to identify key elements related to DSIs operational strategy and migration. The assessments performed by DSI related to cloud migration will include, Access management and identify of users (Subashini Kavitha, 2011) for providing specific credentials while making spatial information requests. For example a user can only view or download spatial data, but cannot perform modifications, additions or deletions. These credentials are available only with the administrators in DSI. This is an important security requirement. Since spatial information is important data, there must be adequate data backup and recovery procedures defined in SLA by the cloud provider. This assessment is important as BC and DR needs are considered to overcome unforeseen emergencies. The applications in OSDS suite must be deployed on web servers and databases must be stored separated in database servers wherever needed. The cloud provider will perform actions to replicate data to ensure spatial information is available even when a single component or hardware fails (AWS, 2016). This assessment will help DSI determine the resources used according to SLA. The cloud provider must ensure to verify software patches, operating systems, applications for their updates and secure their cloud platform periodically (Steiner, 2012). This assessment will ensure application monitoring in SaaS platform. The cloud provider must provide a hierarchical network topology (Jin Liang, 2014), secure access, application performance and cloud usage reports (Martignoni, et al., 2012). The enterprise operational checklist for DSI will cover the assessments for hybrid cloud usage to include, Billing and accounting for cloud service usage. Cloud models follow the pay-per-use model where each service/resource is billed, or example storage, network bandwidth, OS, etc. Remote management must support the monitoring of service and resource used by DSI. Further cloud usage strategies will include tracking cloud provisioned resources (Rouse, 2010) identifying new requirements. DR and backup requirements for DSI are important. The above checklists by Morad and Dhalbajan provide an assessment checklist which supports DSI in assessing and managing their cloud requirements and migration. Resource management system allows DSI to perform IT resources, mostly the management of physical hardware. Some of the tasks for assessment here include management of servers, virtual servers, physical infrastructure management, and resilience and failover systems. These actions are jointly coordinated by both, DSI and cloud provider (Younge, Laszewski, Wang, Lopez-Alarcon, Carithers, 2010). SLA management (CSI, 2015) for DSI will include defined mechanisms for monitoring cloud deployment and provide features for administration, collection and storage, reporting and runtime notifications of SLA data. Backup and DR The term disaster recovery (DR) has many forms and can occur unexpectedly. This is because IT systems are vulnerable to threats, both internal (human error), external (hackers) and hazards posed by natural environment (floods, earthquakes, etc.) (Krutz Vines, 2010). A comprehensive DR plan is required by DSI must be aimed at protecting data and vital information from any type of vulnerability, and DR planning is unique for each organization. The DR planning and backup procedures must effectively restore critical functions in the event of any unplanned disruption. Morad and Dhalbajan checklist highlights the need for assessing backup procedures and disaster recovery measures (Kandukuri, Paturi, Rakshit, 2009). In addition to this checklist, the key elements for DSI to consider in their disaster measures will include, Identifying key applications, databases, etc. Establishing procedures for recovery of data, backup and restore policies Developing procedures for implementation, testing and maintenance of the complete OSDS suite on cloud Normally, assessments for backup and DR for resilience will include the following areas: DSI must estimate the cost of downtime in the event of a disaster and must plan strategies appropriately. In this step the recovery points for each component must be understood. The information assets can be catalogued based on their criticality in DSI and downtime estimated (Alhazmi Malaya, 2013). Internal staff, particularly in the IT department in DSI must be involved and the responsibility must not fall on one single person in DSI. It will be a good idea to train different people to handle backup and restore procedures. This will be a good strategy to ensure spatial information is available at all times. Redundancies can be another strategy to ensure DR and backup procedures protect information assets in DSI. Redundancies can be agreed with cloud provider for additional resources like storage space, remote site for backup, etc. (Ranjan, Gupta, Sharma, 2015). Redundancies in resources will ensure data is available from replication servers even when the primary server is down for some reason. DR assessments will further include all business critical processes such as new development, modifications in existing applications, data sources and steps to recovery within the recovery point. For instance, when DSI decides to implement a new web based spatial information publication on cloud, the earlier backup and DR strategies may need revisions. This is important because it will be most appropriate to keep DR and backup strategies to be aligned with operating environment and information usage (Martin, 2002). Lastly to have redundant resilience of all OSDS applications, the DR strategies must be evaluated constantly by running vulnerability tests on OSDS applications (Nageswararao Khetmalas, 2014). Cloud provider can coordinate this activity through their SLA. The evaluation for risks to data and applications must ensure fail safe infrastructure for DSI. All the activities and associated procedures must be documented fully. Backup and disaster recovery is a critical area in cloud migration which must be considered by DSI prior to migration of OSDS applications. SLA Assessment SLAs come into play to make sure the services offered by a cloud provider are delivered as agreed with DSI. SLA has become a pre-requisite due to cloud business strategy and provides series of rules and directives (Hoehl, 2015) that must be taken by DSI to evaluate and agree on operating terms with service provider. SLAs will also include a set of non-functional requirements in cloud services. An example of SLA can be the return of operations (RTO) within 60 minutes in the event of any service failure in the cloud. SLAs in cloud must be assessed for their, OSDS applications, spatial data availability and uptime. Specific performance benchmarks to compare actual cloud performance. Availability of usage statistics for the consumer. This dashboard report will provide data on cloud service usage for DSI. Informing scheduled changes to consumers in advance (eg, maintenance downtimes). This information is normally provided by cloud provider. Scheduled maintenance can include hardware changes, etc. on the cloud infrastructure. Help desk and availability of support personnel to resolve specific issues. The cloud provider will clarify the scope of resources used in cloud service of interest. SLAs management normally follows the monitoring of SLA data based on already defined resource and performance metrics and reporting parameters. Cloud migrations for any type of business process must follow bet practices in risk management. The practices must also be in conformance to particular cloud service and business critical processes that deal with sensitive information. The SLA data can be made available on real time for cloud usage and administration through remote management in active cloud services. The SLA guideline provided by (Erl, Ricardo, Zaigham, 2013) on cloud computing services includes the risk assessments in cloud migration and planning. Assessments related to DSI enterprise risk management (CSA, 2009) will include, DSI owing to the lack of physical control on cloud infrastructure must document SLAs, contract requirements, resource usage to understand risk management in its infrastructure. The SLAs must clearly define on demand provisioning and support traditional form of auditing. DSI can also define strategies for specific contractual exceptions and better align business strategies to overcome risks in IT. Risk management in SLA must identify valuation of assets, potential impact on incident scenarios and risk management plans must be defined clearly in SLA to benefit DSI. The approach of risk assessment must be consistent in SLAs and also the likelihood of impact may be defined. It will be best for DSI to jointly develop risk scenarios for cloud service model. The SLA must classify all assets and resource between DSI and the cloud provider and appropriate accounting must be defined for each. SLA management and assessments are important for DSI because they provide the operational management aspects in day to day cloud usage. SLAs are important to note further that SLAs must focus more on reducing risks and protecting OSDS applications with the cloud provider. Conclusions The report highlights the importance of evaluation in cloud migration for DSI. Since cloud services are decided by the cloud provider it is important the SLAs are defined to suite the best interests of DSI. The assessments and methods for remote monitoring, backup and OSDS resiliency, and the importance of assessing SLAs prior to cloud migration are explored and discussed. References Alhazmi, O. H., Malaya, Y. K. (2013). Evaluating Disaster Recovery Plans Using the Cloud . IEEE Computer society , 1-6. AWS. (2016, June). Expanding Your Scaled and Load-Balanced Application to an Additional Availability Zone. Retrieved June 4, 2016, from Amazon Web Services: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/latest/userguide/as-add-availability-zone.html CSA. (2009). Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing V2.1. Cloud Security Alliance. CSI. (2015). Practical Guide to Cloud Service Agreements, Ver2.0. Cloud Standards Customer Council. Erl, T., Ricardo, P., Zaigham, M. (2013). Cloud Computing: Concepts, Technology Architecture. USA: The Prentice Hall Service Technology Series. Hoehl, M. (2015). Proposal for standard Cloud Computing Security SLAs Key Metrics for Safeguarding Confidential Data in the Cloud. Security SLA for Cloud. The SANS Institute. Jin, H.-Q., Liang, M.-G. (2014). The Hierarchical Network Topology Management System based on Managed Object and View Mechanism. AASRI Conference on Circuit and Signal Processing (CSP 2014) (pp. 12-18). Elsevier B. V. Kandukuri, B. R., Paturi, R. V., Rakshit, A. (2009). Cloud Security Issues. IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, IEEE Computer Society , 517-520. Krutz, R. L., Vines, R. D. (2010). Cloud Security: A Comprehensive Guide to Secure Cloud Computing. New York: Wiley Publishing. Martignoni, L., Poosankam, P., Zaharia, M., Han, J., McCamant, S., Song, D., et al. (2012). Cloud Terminal: Secure Access to Sensitive Applications from Untrusted Systems. Report by University of California, Berkeley and Carnegie Mellon University. Martin, B. C. (2002). Disaster Recovery Plan Strategies and Processes. SANS Institute, InfoSec Reading Room. Morad, S., Dalbhanjan, P. (2013). Operational Checklists for AWS. Amazon Web Services (AWS). Nageswararao, Khetmalas, M. B. (2014). Cross-Cloud Testing Strategies Over Cloud Computing . International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications , 79-82. Ranjan, A., Gupta, S. K., Sharma, G. (2015). Cloud Computing based Disaster Recovery: An Introduction. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering , 1015-1019. Rouse, M. (2010, August). Provisioning. Retrieved June 3, 2016, from What is SOA? SearchSOA: https://searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/provisioning Steiner, T. (2012). An introduction to Securing a Cloud Environment. The SANS Institute. Subashini, S., Kavitha, V. (2011). A survey on security issues in service delivery models of cloud computing. Journal of Network and Computer Applications , 1-11. Younge, A. J., Laszewski, G. v., Wang, L., Lopez-Alarcon, S., Carithers, W. (2010). Efficient Resource Management for Cloud Computing Environments. Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA and Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY USA.